John R. Skoyles (1992) Not all Phonological Reading Need use Accurate Letter-sound Rules
. Psycoloquy: 3(06) Reading (7)
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Psycoloquy 3(06): Not all Phonological Reading Need use Accurate Letter-sound Rules
NOT ALL PHONOLOGICAL READING NEED USE ACCURATE LETTER-SOUND RULES
Reply to Cassidy on Reading
John R. Skoyles
Department of Psychology
University College London
London WC1E 6BT
ucjtprs@ucl.ac.uk
Abstract
Cassidy correctly summaries my theory as suggesting that
"the child learning to read uses phonetic skills as a bootstrap for
training a non-phonetic reading procedure, implemented as some kind
of neural network." However, he finds problems with parts of my
theory that I will address.
Keywords
dyslexia, connectionism, development, error correction,
reading.
References
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- Bryant, P. E. & Bradley, L. (1985). Children's reading problems. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
- Goswami, U. (1988). Orthographic analogies and reading development, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40A, 239-268.
- Joam, A. F. & Share, D. L. (1983). Phonological recoding and reading acquisition. Applied Psycholinguisitics, 4, 103-147.
- Patterson K. E. & Morton, J. (1985). From orthography to phonology: An attempt at an old interpretation. In K. E. Patterson, J. C. Marshall, & M. Coltheart (Eds.), Surface dyslexia: Neuropsychological and cognitive studies of phonological reading. Hillside. N.J. Erlbaum.
- Pollack, I. & Pickett, J. M. (1963). The intelligibility of excerpts from conversation. Language and Speech, 6, 165-171.
- Sakamoto, T. & Makita, K. (1973). Japan. In: Comparative reading: Cross- national studies of behavior and processes in reading and writing. Edited by John Downing, pages 440-465, New York: Macmillian.
- Scribner, S. & Cole, M. (1981). The psychology of literacy. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
- Skoyles, J. R. (1988) Training the brain using neural-network models. Nature 333, 401.
- Snowling, M. (1987). Dyslexia: A cognitive developmental perspective. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
- Stanovitch, K. E., Nathan, R. G., West, R. F. & Vala-rossi, M. (1985). Children's word recognition in context: Spreading activation, expectancy, and modularity. Child Development, 56, 1418-1429.
- Unger, J. M. (1987). The fifth generation fallacy: Why Japan is betting its future on artificial intelligence. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Wagner, R. K. (1988). Causal relations between the development of phonological processing abilities and the acquisition of reading skills: A meta-analysis. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 34, 261-279.