Rolf A. Zwaan and Arthur C. Graesser (1993) There is no Empirical Evidence That Some Inferences are Automatically or Partially Encoded in Text Comprehension
. Psycoloquy: 4(04) Reading Inference (5)
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Psycoloquy 4(04): There is no Empirical Evidence That Some Inferences are Automatically or Partially Encoded in Text Comprehension
THERE IS NO EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE THAT SOME INFERENCES ARE AUTOMATICALLY OR PARTIALLY ENCODED IN TEXT COMPREHENSION
Commentary on Garnham on Reading-Inference
Rolf A. Zwaan and Arthur C. Graesser
Department of Psychology
Memphis State University
Memphis TN 38111
razwaan@memstvx1.memst.edu
Abstract
In his defense of the constructivist view of language
comprehension, Garnham (1992) questions the notion of automatic
inferences. We argue that Garnham's arguments could be strengthened
by taking a more theoretical perspective on automaticity.
Keywords
constructionism, inference, mental models, minimalism,
reading, text comprehension.
References
- Garnham, A. (1992) Minimalism versus constructionism: A false dichotomy in theories of inference during reading. PSYCOLOQUY 3(63) reading-inference-1.1
- Glenberg, A. M & Mathew, S. (1992) When minimalism is not enough: Mental models in reading. PSYCOLOQUY 3(64) reading-inference-2.1
- McKoon, G & Ratcliff, R. (1992) Inferences during reading. Psychological Review, 99, 440-466.
- Schneider, W & Shiffrin, R.M. (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84, 1-66.
- Shiffrin, R.M. & Dumais, S.T. (1981) The development of automatism. In: J.R. Anderson (Ed.) Cognitive skills and their acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Shiffrin, R.M & Schneider, W. (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
- Tardieu, H., Ehrlich, M.-F. & Gyselinck, V. (1992) Levels of representation and domain-specific knowledge in comprehension of scientific text. Language and Cognitive Processes, 7, 335-351.
- Zwaan, R.A. & Graesser, A.C. (1993) Reading goals and situation models. PSYCOLOQUY 4(3) reading-inference.4