Kuno Kirschfeld (1995) Neuronal Oscillations and Synchronized Activity
. Psycoloquy: 6(36) Brain Rhythms (11)
Versions: ASCII formatted
Psycoloquy 6(36): Neuronal Oscillations and Synchronized Activity
NEURONAL OSCILLATIONS AND SYNCHRONIZED ACTIVITY
IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS
Commentary on Pulvermueller et al. on Brain-Rhythms
Kuno Kirschfeld
Max-Planck-Institut fuer Biologische Kybernetik
Spemannstrasse 38, D-72076
Tuebingen, Germany
Kirschfe@sunwan.mpik-tueb.mpg.de
Abstract
Quite a number of experimental findings are consistent
with the idea that gamma wave oscillations and synchronized
activity in the central nervous system are the basis of higher
functions of the nervous system (cell assembly theory). However,
there is as yet no direct proof that this theory is correct. Here
an alternative hypothesis is presented, which provides a different
interpretation of many of the observed phenomena. In this view,
oscillations in the nervous system are the consequence of a
mechanism for gain control that establishes an optimal compromise
between the response time and the stability of the system.
Keywords
brain theory, cell assembly, cognition, event related
potentials (ERP), electroencephalograph (EEG), gamma band, Hebb,
language, lexical processing, magnetoencephalography (MEG),
psychophysiology, periodicity, power spectral analysis, synchrony
References
- Adrian, E.D. (1937) Synchronized reactions in the optic ganglion of DYTISCUS. Journal of Physiology 91:66-89.
- Barlow, H. & Foeldiak, P. (1989) In: The Computing Neuron. R. Durbin, C. Miall & G. Mitchison, eds. Workingham, England: Addison-Wesley, pp. 54-72.
- Birbaumer, N., Elbert, T., Canavan, A. G. M. & Rockstroh, B. (1990) Slow potentials of the cerebral cortex and behavior. In Physiological Reviews. Published and copyright by The American Physiological Society 70:1-41.
- Bouyer, J.J., Montaron, M.F., Vahnee, J.M., Albert, M.P. & Rougeul, A. (1987) Anatomical localization of cortical beta rhythms in cat. Neuroscience 22: 863-869.
- Eckhorn, R. (1991) Stimulus-specific synchronizations in the visual cortex: linking of local features into global figures? In: Neuronal Cooperativity. J. Krueger, ed. Berlin: Springer Verlag, pp. 184-224.
- Kirschfeld, K. (1991) An optomotor control system with automatic compensation for contrast and texture. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 246:261-268.
- Kirschfeld, K. (1992) Oscillations in the insect brain: Do they correspond to the cortical gamma-waves of vertebrates? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89:4764-4768.
- Lansing, R W. & Barlow, J.S. (1972) Rhythmic after-activity to flashes in relation to the background alpha which precedes and follows the photic stimuli. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology 32:149-160.
- Llinas R.R. & Ribary U. (1992) Rostrocaudal scan in human brain: A global characteristic of the 40-Hz response during sensory input. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain. E. Basar & T.H. Bullock, eds. Boston: Birkhaeuser pp. 147-154.
- Przybyszewski, A.W., Lankheet, M.J.M. & van de Grind, W.A. (1993) Nonlinearity and oscillations in X-type ganglion cells of the cat retina. Vision Research 33:861-875.
- Pulvermueller, F., Preissl, H., Eulitz, C., Pantev, C., Lutzenberger, W., Elbert, T. & Birbaumer, N. (1994). Brain Rhythms, Cell Assemblies and Cognition: Evidence From the Processing of Words and Pseudowords. PSYCOLOQUY 5(48) brain-rhythms.1.pulvermueller.
- Sillito, A.M., Jones, H.E., Gerstein, G.L., West, D.C. (1994) Feature- linked synchronization of thalamic relay cell firing induced by feedback from the visual cortex. Nature 369:479-482.
- Singer, W. (1993) Synchronization of cortical activity and its putative role in information processing and learning. Annual review of physiology 55:349-374.
- Singer, W. & Gray, C.M. (1995) Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis. Annual review of neuroscience 18:555-586.