Tristan D. M. Roberts (1996) Understanding Balance:the Mechanics of Posture and Locomotion
. Psycoloquy: 7(02) Posture Locomotion (1)
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Psycoloquy 7(02): Understanding Balance:the Mechanics of Posture and Locomotion
UNDERSTANDING BALANCE:THE MECHANICS OF POSTURE AND LOCOMOTION
[Chapman & Hall 1995, xi+348 pp. ISBN 04126016051565934164]
Precis of Roberts on Posture-Locomotion
Tristan D. M. Roberts
(Formerly Reader in Physiology
University of Glasgow, Scotland)
11 Menzies Drive, Fintry
Glasgow G63 OYG
Scotland
gpaa30@udcf.gla.ac.uk
Abstract
Balancing the body's loosely-jointed assemblage of heavy
segments on one another during standing and locomotion calls for
separate and continuous regulation of each of a very large number
of independent motor units. Success depends on triggering
appropriate anticipatory pre-emptive actions by gestalt recognition
of specific developing trends in proprioceptive, and other, neural
signals. This book discusses what forces are actually required and
the nature of the signals available for guidance, concluding with a
realistic scheme of operation for the intricately interconnected
neurons in the brain, with implications for explaining the basis of
gestalt recognition in other types of sensory perception also.
Keywords
Balance, connectionism, gestalt, learning, locomotion,
motor control, proprioception, recognition.
References
- Boyd, I.A. (1980) The isolated mammalian muscle spindle. Trends. Neurosci., 3: 258-65.
- Boyd, I.A. and Roberts, T.D.M. (1953) Proprioceptive discharges from stretch-receptors in the knee-joint of the cat. J. Physiol., 122: 38-58.
- Lindsay, K.W., Roberts, T.D.M., and Rosenberg, J.R. (1976) Asymmetric tonic labyrinth reflexes and their interaction with neck reflexes in the decerebrate cat. J. Physiol., 261: 585-601.
- Lowenstein, O. and Roberts, T.D.M. (1949) The equilibrium function of the otolith organs of the Thornback Ray (Raja clavata). J. Physiol., 110: 392-415.
- Purdon Martin, J. (1967) The Basal Ganglia and Posture. London: Pitman.
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1952) Reflex interaction of synergic extensor muscles of the cat hind limb. J. Physiol., 117: 5P.
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1963) Rhythmic excitation of a stretch reflex, revealing (a) hysteresis and (b) a difference between the responses to pulling and to stretching. Quart. J. Exp. Physiol., 48: 328-345.
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1968) Labyrinthine control of the postural muscles. In: Third Symposium on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration, pp 149-168. Washington: NASA SP-152.
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1971) Standing with a bent knee. Nature, 230: 499-501.
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1973) Reflex balance. Nature, 244: 156-158.
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1975) The behavioural vertical. In: Mechanisms of Spatial Perception and Orientation as Related to Gravity, pp 192-198. Ed. Schone, H. Fortsch. Zool., 23.
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1976) The role of vestibular and neck receptors in locomoton. In: Neural Control of Locomotion, pp 539-560. Eds. Herman, R.M. et al. New York: Plenum Press.
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1977) The relationship of gravity to vestibuar studies. In: Life Sciences Research in Space, pp 139-145. ESA SP-130.
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1978) Neurophysiology of Postural Mechanisms. 2nd. Ed. London: Butterworth.
- Roberts, T.D.M. and Stenhouse, G. (1976) The nature of postural sway. Agressologie 17A: 11-14.
- Roberts, T.D.M. and Stenhouse, G. (1979) Reactions to overbalancing. Prog. Brain. Res. 50: 397-404
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1982) Problems in the understandng of balance and locomotion in man. In: Proprioception, Posture and Emotion, pp 142-152. Ed. Garlick, D.
- Roberts, T.D.M. (1992) Equestrian Technique. London: J.A. Allen.